Wednesday, 29 April 2026 — President University hosted a Guest Lecture titled “Why Airspace Is Strategically Valuable: From Cujus Est Solum to Cyber War” at the Charles Himawan Auditorium, 4th Floor, Building A, President University Main Campus. The session featured Air Chief Marshal (Ret.) Chappy Hakim, Head of the Indonesian Air Power Studies Center, who shared insights on the evolving role of airspace in national defense and global security.

During the lecture, Chappy Hakim explained how the advent of aviation fundamentally changed the nature of warfare. “Once the first aircraft took flight, everything changed,” he said, emphasizing that threats increasingly emerge through the air domain, making airspace control a vital aspect of national sovereignty and security.

He noted that warfare has continued to evolve alongside technological advancement. According to him, the world has now entered the era of cyber warfare, where artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous systems, and drones play increasingly important roles in both defense and security operations. These developments have transformed the way countries identify, monitor, and respond to threats.

Chappy Hakim also highlighted how the concept of war has changed over time. In the past, conflicts were divided between frontlines and rear areas, with combat concentrated at the front. However, the use of airspace eliminated those distinctions, turning warfare into a total war that can affect an entire nation. As a result, defense strategies have evolved into comprehensive defense systems that require readiness across multiple domains.

He further explained that cyberspace has emerged as the fifth domain of warfare after land, sea, air, and outer space. This shift underscores the growing importance of technological capability and digital resilience in maintaining national security.