Friday, 13 February 2026 — President University held a guest lecture titled “Spot the Red Flags: Identifying Competition Risks in Commercial Contracts” at the Charles Himawan Auditorium, President University Campus, Jababeka City. The session featured Ingrid Gratsya Zega, S.H., M.H., Senior Associate at Assegaf Hamzah & Partners.

During the lecture, Ingrid explained that agreements in the legal and commercial context extend beyond formal written contracts. While documents such as supply agreements and distribution agreements are commonly recognized forms of contract, she noted that the concept of an agreement is broader, referring to acts between parties that bind them to one another within a commercial relationship.

She also discussed how certain provisions in commercial agreements may create competition risks in the market. When businesses operate without restrictive limitations, consumers generally have more choices. However, contractual clauses that impose limitations may influence market dynamics. “Without limitations, customers have more options. When limitations are introduced, they may reduce consumer choice and create potential effects on pricing, innovation, or even facilitate collusion,” she explained.